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CNC Technology Basics

 


CNC Technology Basics

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology is a method for automating the control of machine tools using software embedded in a microcomputer. It precisely controls the movement of cutting tools and workpieces to create complex shapes with high accuracy and repeatability.  

Key Components of a CNC System:

  • Part Program: A set of instructions written in a specific code (primarily G-code and M-code) that dictates the machine's actions, such as tool path, cutting speed, feed rate, and auxiliary functions.  
  • Machine Control Unit (MCU): The "brain" of the CNC machine. It interprets the part program and translates the instructions into electrical signals that control the servo motors and other machine actuators. The MCU consists of two main parts:
    • Data Processing Unit (DPU): Handles program interpretation, calculations, and motion commands.  
    • Control Loop Unit (CLU): Receives feedback signals from encoders and other sensors to monitor the actual position and speed of the machine axes, comparing them to the programmed values and making necessary corrections.   

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